Ntchito yokumba imafuna kukhazikika komanso kulondola.Zikhomo za mano za ndowa zapamwambaimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakusunga bwino kwaexcavator chidebe mano. Kusankha zida zolimba ngatizikhomo za mano a ndowa za ofukula migodindi kuwonetsetsa kuti kusamalidwa bwino kumachepetsa kuwonongeka. Miyezo iyi imakulitsa nthawi ya moyo wachidebe dzino bawuti, kupititsa patsogolo ntchito yonse.
Zofunika Kwambiri
- Zikhomo za mano za ndowa zamphamvuthandizani okumba kuti azigwira ntchito bwino komanso azikhala nthawi yayitali. Amagwira mano m'malo ndi kufalitsa kukakamiza kuti asawonongeke.
- Kugwiritsazida zolimba, monga chitsulo chopangidwa ndi mankhwala, chimapangitsa mapiniwa kukhala olimba. Izi zimathandiza kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa nthawi zomwe amafunikira kusintha ndikusunga ndalama.
- Kuwona ndi kudzoza mapini nthawi zambiri kumapangitsa kuti azigwira ntchito bwino. Kuwasamalira msanga kumathetsa mavuto adzidzidzi.
Kumvetsetsa Zikhomo Zovala Zapamwamba Zovala Chidebe
Kodi Zikhomo Zam'madzi Zovala Zapamwamba Zovala Zapamwamba
Zikhomo za mano za ndowa zapamwambandi zigawo zofunika mu machitidwe ofukula. Ma pin awagwirizanitsani mpando wa dzino ndi nsonga ya dzino, kuonetsetsa bata panthawi yakukumba. Mwa kutumiza ndi kumwaza mphamvu kuchokera ku zinthu zofukulidwa, zimateteza mano a ndowa kupsinjika kwambiri. Opanga nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito chitsulo champhamvu kwambiri cha alloy kuti apititse patsogolo kulimba komanso kukana kuvala. Ubwino wa mapiniwa umatengera zinthu monga kupangidwa kwa zinthu, kupanga molondola, komanso kuyesa kukana kuvala. Kusamalira nthawi zonse, kuphatikizapo kuyendera ndi ntchito yoyenera, kumatsimikiziranso kuti zimagwira ntchito bwino.
Udindo wa Zikhomo Zazikulu Zovala Zapamwamba mu Mano Ofukula
Zikhomo za mano a ndowaamatenga gawo lofunikira kwambiri pakusunga magwiridwe antchito a mano a excavator. Amateteza mano m'malo mwake, kuteteza kuti asatuluke panthawi ya ntchito zolemetsa. Kuphatikiza apo, amathandizira kugawa mphamvu zomwe zimakhudzidwa mofanana, kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha kuwonongeka kwa mano a ndowa. Kusankhidwa kwa zinthu ndi kupanga zinthu kumakhudza kwambiri ntchito yawo. Mwachitsanzo, mapini opukutidwa, opangidwa ndi chitsulo chotenthetsera champhamvu kwambiri, amapereka kukana kwamphamvu kwambiri ndipo ndi oyenera kugwiritsa ntchito movutikira. Mosiyana ndi izi, mapini oponyedwa, opangidwa kudzera kuponya ndalama, amapereka kukana kwabwino kwa kuvala ndipo ndi oyenera ntchito wamba.
| Mtundu wa Dzino la Chidebe | Njira Yopangira | Makhalidwe Azinthu |
|---|---|---|
| Cast Excavator Chidebe Mano | Investment casting | Zopangidwa ndi chitsulo cha alloy kapena chitsulo; oyenera ntchito wamba |
| Mano a Chidebe cha Forged Excavator | Kupanga kwachitsulo chowotcha kwambiri | Dense ndi wamphamvu; abwino kwa ntchito zolemetsa |
Chifukwa Chake Kuvala Ndi Nkhani Yovuta Kwambiri pa Mano Ofukula
Kuvala kumakhudza kwambiri magwiridwe antchito komanso moyo wautali wa mano ofukula. Kafukufuku amasonyeza kuti mano a ndowa amayamba kusonyeza zizindikiro pambuyo pakepafupifupi masabata asanu ndi limodzi ogwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zonse. Kutengera ndi abrasiveness wa nthaka, m'malo angafunike miyezi itatu iliyonse. Kuvala pafupipafupi uku kumawonjezera ndalama zogwirira ntchito komanso nthawi yocheperako. Msika wapadziko lonse lapansi wazowonjezera zofukula, kuphatikiza mano a ndowa, ukukula pamlingo wa 4% pachaka. Kukula uku kukuwonetsa kufunikira kwa zigawo zolimba monga zikhomo za mano ovala zazidebe zapamwamba kuti zikwaniritse zofuna zantchito zamakono zakukumba.
Zomwe Zimayambitsa Kung'ambika ndi Kung'ambika mu Zikhomo za Mano a Chidebe
Ubwino Wazinthu Ndi Mphamvu Zake Pakukhazikika
Thekapangidwe kazinthuzikhomo za mano a ndowa zimathandizira kwambiri kulimba kwawo. Zida zamtengo wapatali, monga zitsulo zopangira kutentha, zimakana kuvala bwino kusiyana ndi njira zotsika. Zinthu zosakhala bwino nthawi zambiri zimakhala zopanda kuuma ndi mphamvu zolimba zomwe zimafunikira kuti zipirire mphamvu zofukula. M'kupita kwa nthawi, zipangizozi zimawonongeka mofulumira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti azisinthidwa pafupipafupi. Opanga omwe amaika patsogolo njira zazitsulo zotsogola amapanga zikhomo zolimbana ndi abrasion ndi kukhudzidwa. Izi zimatsimikizira kuti zikhomozo zimasunga kukhulupirika kwawo ngakhale pansi pa zovuta kwambiri.
Kupanikizika Kwantchito ndi Zofunikira Zofukula
Kufukula ntchito nkhani Chidebe dzino zikhomo kutikupsinjika kwakukulu. Mphamvu zomwe zimagwira pa zidebe zokumba zimasiyana malinga ndi mtundu wa zida ndi ntchito. Mwachitsanzo, zidebe zokhala ndi mano zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga ma graders ndi ma draglineskupsinjika kwapadera, pamene mafosholo a chingwe amawerengera mphamvu yonse yofukula mosiyanasiyana chifukwa cha kusakhalapo kwa prism yokoka. Kusiyanasiyana kwa kupsinjika uku kumakhudza mwachindunji mavalidwe. Zidebe zazikulu nthawi zambiri zimapanga mphamvu zapamwamba, kufulumizitsa kuvala kwa pini. Kuwonekera kokhazikika kuzinthu zotere kungathe kufooketsa mapini, kuwapangitsa kukhala ovuta kwambiri kulephera.
Mikhalidwe Yachilengedwe Imakhudza Mavalidwe
Zinthu zachilengedwe zimakhudza kwambiri kuwonongeka ndi kung'ambika kwa mapini a mano a ndowa. Kufukula mu dothi lotupa, monga mchenga kapena miyala, kumawonjezera kukangana, zomwe zimapangitsa kuwonongeka msanga. Momwemonso, maopaleshoni amvula kapena matope amayika mapiniwo kuti awonongeke, ndikuchepetsanso moyo wawo. Kutentha kwambiri kumathandizanso. Kutentha kwapamwamba kungayambitse kutopa kwakuthupi, pamene kuzizira kungayambitse brittleness. Kumvetsetsa zovuta zachilengedwe izi kumathandiza ogwira ntchito kusankha mapini oyenera ndikugwiritsa ntchito njira zodzitetezera kuti achepetse kuvala.
Njira Zothetsera Mano a Excavator Okhalitsa
Kusankha Zinthu: Ubwino wa Zitsulo Zothiridwa ndi Kutentha ndi Aloyi
Kusankha zinthu kumagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakutalikitsa moyo wa mano ofukula. Chitsulo chotenthetsera ndi ma alloys apadera amapereka kukhazikika kwapamwamba komanso kukana kuvala. Zidazi zimadutsa njira zomwe zimakulitsa kuuma kwawo ndi kulimba, zomwe zimawapangitsa kukhala abwino kwa malo opsinjika kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, zitsulo zotenthedwa ndi kutentha zimalimbana ndi abrasion ndipo zimakhudza bwino kusiyana ndi njira zosagwiritsidwa ntchito, kuonetsetsa kuti zikhomo za mano za ndowa zimakhalabe zolimba panthawi ya ntchito zolemetsa.
Maphunziro oyerekeza amawonetsa ubwino wa zipangizo zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pofukula mano.Gome ili m'munsili likuwonetsa momwe zitsulo zotenthetsera kutentha ndi alloys zimaposa zipangizo zinapotengera kuuma, kukana kuvala, komanso kulimba kwathunthu:
| Mtundu Wazinthu | Kuuma Pamwamba | Impact Kulimba | Valani Kukaniza | Mtengo Index | Kukonzekera |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chitsulo chachikulu cha manganese | HB450-550 | zabwino kwambiri | wapakati | 1.0 | zosavuta |
| Chitsulo chachitsulo | HRC55-60 | zabwino | zabwino | 1.3-1.5 | zovuta |
| Kupaka kwa Tungsten Carbide | HRA90+ | kusiyana | zabwino kwambiri | 2.5-3.0 | sayenera ayi |
Kusankha wopanga yemwe amagwiritsa ntchito zida zapamwamba, monga Ningbo Digtech (YH) Machinery Co., Ltd, imaonetsetsa kuti zitsulo zokhazikika, zosamva ma abrasion zifika. Kusankha kumeneku kumachepetsa kwambiri kuchuluka kwa m'malo ndikuwonjezera magwiridwe antchito onse a mano ofukula.
Zopangira Zopanga: Zinthu Zomwe Zimapangitsa Moyo Wautali
Mapangidwe aukadaulo amatha kupititsa patsogolo kulimba kwa mapini a mano a ndowa. Mainjiniya amayang'ana kwambiri kukhathamiritsa mawonekedwe, kukula, ndi kugawa kwazinthu zazinthu izi kuti zipirire mphamvu zazikulu. Mwachitsanzo, mapangidwe a pini ojambulidwa amachepetsa kupsinjika, pomwe njira zotsekera zolimba zimalepheretsa kutulutsa panthawi yogwira ntchito.
Kafukufuku amathandizira kufunikira kwa kukhathamiritsa kapangidwe kake pakukulitsa moyo wautali wa mano ofukula. Gome lotsatirali likufotokozera mwachidule zomwe apeza kuchokera ku maphunziro a uinjiniya:
| Mutu Wophunzira | Kuyikira Kwambiri | Zotsatira |
|---|---|---|
| Kukhathamiritsa kwapangidwe kwa chidebe chofufutira pogwiritsa ntchito Finite Element Method | Konzani mapangidwe a chidebe cha excavator | Imagogomezera kusankha kwazinthu ndikusintha mapangidwekupititsa patsogolo kulimba komanso kugwira ntchito m'malo ovuta. |
| Kuwunika kwa Mano a Chidebe a Backhoe Excavator Loader ndi Kukhathamiritsa kwake Kulemera | Kuwunika kapangidwe ka mano a ndowa | Ikuwonetsa momwe mapangidwe a mano a ndowa amagwirira ntchito pakukumba komanso kufunikira kwa kusanthula kwazinthu zosasunthika kuti mukwaniritse bwino kapangidwe kake. |
Mwa kuphatikiza zopanga izi, opanga ngati Ningbo Digtech (YH) Machinery Co., Ltd amaperekazikhomo za mano za ndowa zapamwambazomwe zimapambana pakuchita bwino komanso moyo wautali.
Zochita Zosamalira: Kuwunika, Kupaka mafuta, ndi Kusintha Kwanthawi yake
Kusamalira nthawi zonse ndikofunikira pakuwonetsetsa kuti nthawi yayitali ya mano a excavator ikugwira ntchito. Kuyang'ana kumathandizira kuzindikira zizindikiro zoyamba kutha, monga ming'alu kapena kupindika, zomwe zimalola ogwiritsa ntchito kuthana ndi zovuta zisanachuluke. Kupaka mafuta kumachepetsa kukangana pakati pa ziwalo zosuntha, kumachepetsa kuchuluka kwa mavalidwe. Kusintha kwanthawi yake kwa zida zotha kulepheretsa kulephera msanga komanso kumawonjezera moyo wonse wa zida.
Machitidwe okonzekera bwino ndi awa:
- Kuyendera zowonera pambuyo pa opaleshoni iliyonse kuti muwone kuwonongeka.
- Kupaka mafuta apamwamba kwambiri kuti muchepetse kugundana komanso kupewa dzimbiri.
- Kusintha mano owonongeka ndi mapini mwachangu kuti musawonongenso chidebecho.
Kumvetsetsa kagwiritsidwe ntchito kake komanso kugwiritsa ntchito njira zina zodzitetezera, monga zokutira zoteteza, kumatha kupititsa patsogolo kulimba kwa mano ofukula. Masitepewa amaonetsetsa kuti zikhomo zokhala ndi ndowa zovala kwambiri zimagwira ntchito bwino m'malo ovuta.
Maphunziro Othandizira: Kuchepetsa Kuvala Pogwiritsa Ntchito Mwaluso
Ukadaulo wa opareta umakhudza kwambiri kuwonongeka ndi kung'ambika kwa zida zofukula. Ogwira ntchito aluso amamvetsetsa momwe angagwiritsire ntchito mphamvu zofukula bwino, kuchepetsa kupsinjika kosafunikira pazikhomo za mano a ndowa. Mapulogalamu ophunzitsira, monga maphunziro oyerekeza, amapereka chidziwitso pazochitika zolamulidwa. Mapulogalamuwa amathandizira kuti magwiridwe antchito azigwira ntchito bwino komanso amachepetsa kuwonongeka kwa zida.
Ntchito zodziwika bwino zamaphunziro ndi izi:
- Maphunziro otengera kuyerekezera, omwe amachepetsa kuwonongeka kwa zida ndikuwonjezera magwiridwe antchito.
- Pulogalamu ya EcoOperator Advanced, yomwe imayang'ana kwambiri pakuwongolera zokolola za ogwiritsa ntchito pomwe ikuchepetsa kuvala kwa makina komanso kutsika kosakonzekera.
Ogwira ntchito ophunzitsidwa bwino samangowonetsetsa kuti ntchito zake ndi zotetezeka komanso zimathandiza kuti mano ofukula azikhala ndi moyo wautali. Popanga ndalama pakuphunzitsira oyendetsa, makampani amatha kuchepetsa ndalama zokonzera ndikuwongolera magwiridwe antchito a zida zonse.
Kufananiza Mitundu ya Pini ya Mano a Chidebe Yovala Kwambiri
Mapini Opangidwa motsutsana ndi Mapini Oyimba: Kusiyana Kwakukulu
Zikhomo zopangira ndi zoponyera mano zimasiyana kwambiri pazinthu zawo, njira zopangira, komanso magwiridwe antchito. Mapini opangira amapangidwa popanga chitsulo chotenthetsera cha alloy pansi pa kupsinjika kwakukulu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale mawonekedwe olimba opanda mabowo amkati. Izi zimawonjezera kukana kwawo kuvala, kulimba, komanso kulimba kwathunthu. Komano, mapini otayira amapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito chitsulo cha austempered ductile chitsulo popanga ndalama. Ngakhale kuti amapereka kukana kuvala kwapakati, khalidwe lawo lapamwamba likhoza kusiyana chifukwa cha kuponyedwa.
Gome ili m'munsili likuwonetsa kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa zikhomo zapakamwa ndi zoponyera ndowa:
| Mbali | Mano Opangira Chidebe | Mano a Chidebe |
|---|---|---|
| Zakuthupi | Chitsulo cha alloy chotenthedwa ndi kutentha | Austempered ductile iron |
| Valani Kukaniza | Kukana kuvala kwakukulu | Kukana kuvala kwapakati |
| Valani Moyo | Moyo wovala wautali | Moyo wamfupi wovala |
| Impact Kulimba | Kulimba kwamphamvu kwambiri | Kuchepetsa mphamvu yamphamvu |
| Ubwino Wapamwamba | Pamwamba wopanda chilema | Kusiyanasiyana kowonjezereka kwa khalidwe |
| Kulemera | Cholemera | Zopepuka |
| Mtengo | Nthawi zambiri mtengo wokwera | Nthawi zambiri mtengo wotsika |
| Kudzinola | No | Inde |
| Kupanga Zoperewera | Zolepheretsa zochepa | Zolepheretsa zina |
Ma pin opangidwa ndi Excelm'malo opsinjika kwambiri chifukwa cha kulimba kwawo komanso moyo wautali wamavalidwe. Mapini oponya, komabe, ndi opepuka komanso okwera mtengo, kuwapangitsa kukhala oyenera kugwiritsa ntchito zovuta kwambiri.
Kusankha Pin Yoyenera Pamapulogalamu Enaake
Kusankha pini ya dzino loyenera la chidebe kumadalira zofuna za ntchito ndi chilengedwe. Mapini opangidwa ndi abwino kwa ntchito zolemetsa, monga migodi kapena kukumba miyala, pomwe kukhudzidwa kwakukulu ndi kukana ma abrasion ndikofunikira. Mapangidwe awo owundana komanso kukana kovala bwino kumatsimikizira magwiridwe antchito odalirika pamikhalidwe yovuta kwambiri.
Mapini otayira, omwe ali ndi kulemera kwake kopepuka komanso kudzinola okha, ndi oyenera kukumba m'dothi lofewa. Kutsika mtengo kwawo kumawapangitsa kukhala osankha mwachuma pama projekiti okhala ndi zofunikira zovala zolimbitsa thupi.
Ubwino waukulu wa ma pin opangidwa ndi awa:
- Kukana kuvala kwapadera
- High kulimba kwa amafuna ntchito
- Moyo wautali wogwira ntchito
Komano, mapini oponya, perekani:
- Kukwera mtengo kwa ma projekiti okhudzidwa ndi bajeti
- Kunola m'mphepete kuti mugwire ntchito mosasinthasintha
Kumvetsetsa kusiyana kumeneku kumathandiza ogwira ntchito kusankha mtundu wa pini yoyenera, kuwonetsetsa kuti akugwira ntchito bwino komanso kuti azigwiritsa ntchito ndalama zambiri pazosowa zawo zenizeni.
Kugula Zikhomo Zazikulu Zovala Zapamwamba
Zofunika Kuziganizira: Kugwirizana, Kukhalitsa, ndi Kugwira Kwamtengo
Kusankha choyenerazikhomo dzino la ndowapamafunika kuwunika mosamala zinthu zingapo. Kugwirizana ndi chitsanzo cha excavator ndikofunikira. Zikhomo zomwe sizikukwanira bwino zimatha kusokoneza kukhazikika kwa mano a ndowa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kusagwira ntchito bwino. Ogwira ntchito ayang'ane m'mabuku a zida kapena zowunikira kuti atsimikizire kuti zikufanana ndendende.
Kukhalitsa ndichinthu chinanso chofunikira. Zida zamtengo wapatali, monga zitsulo zotentha za alloy, zimapereka kukana kopambana kuvala ndi kukhudzidwa. Zidazi zimakulitsa nthawi ya moyo wa zikhomo, kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa m'malo. Kutsika mtengo, komabe, sikudalira kokha mtengo woyamba. Ogula akuyenera kuwunika mtengo wanthawi yayitali wa zikhomo poganizira kulimba kwawo komanso momwe amagwirira ntchito pazovuta. Kuyika ndalama m'mapini a premium nthawi zambiri kumapangitsa kuti pakhale ndalama zochepetsera kukonza komanso kuwongolera magwiridwe antchito pakapita nthawi.
Njira yokhazikika yomwe imayika patsogolo kuyanjana, kukhazikika, komanso kutsika mtengo kumatsimikizira magwiridwe antchito abwino komanso kufunika kwa ndalama.
Kuzindikiritsa Mapini Apamwamba kuchokera kwa Opanga Odalirika
Zikhomo zamano za ndowa zapamwamba zimawonekera chifukwa cha ukatswiri wawo wapamwamba komanso njira zowongolera zowongolera. Opanga odalirika amakhazikitsa miyezo yokhazikika yopanga kuti awonetsetse kuti magwiridwe antchito akhazikika. Zitsimikizo ndi kuwunika kwabwino kumapereka chidziwitso chofunikira pakudalirika kwa wopanga.
- Wopanga: Tehco Bearing Bushing
- Chitsimikizo: ISO 9001:2015
- Chitsimikizo chadongosolo: Fakitale imakhazikitsa njira yoyendetsera bwino kwambiri, kuphatikizapo kuyendera panthawi yopanga ndi kufufuza komaliza musananyamuke.
Ziphaso izi zikuwonetsa kudzipereka kuchita bwino komanso kutsatira miyezo yapadziko lonse lapansi. Ogula aziika patsogolo opanga omwe ali ndi ziphaso zofananira kuti atsimikizire mtundu ndi kulimba kwa zinthu zawo.
Chifukwa chiyani Ningbo Digtech (YH) Machinery Co., Ltd Ndi Chosankha Chodalirika
Ningbo Digtech (YH) Machinery Co., Ltd yadzikhazikitsa yokha ngati yodalirika yopereka zikhomo zamano a ndowa zapamwamba. Kampaniyo imaphatikiza njira zapamwamba zopangira ndi zida zoyambira kuti zipereke zinthu zomwe zimapambanakukhalitsa ndi ntchito. Zikhomo zawo zimayesedwa mwamphamvu kuti zitsimikizire kuti akwaniritsa zofunikira za ntchito yofukula yolemetsa.
Kudzipereka kwa kampani pazatsopano kumawonekera m'mapangidwe ake. Zinthu monga ma pini opindika ndi njira zokhoma zolimba zimakulitsa moyo wautali komanso kudalirika kwa mapini awo. Kuphatikiza apo, Ningbo Digtech (YH) Machinery Co., Ltd imasunga njira yokhazikika yamakasitomala, yopereka mayankho ogwirizana kuti akwaniritse zosowa zinazake.
Posankha Ningbo Digtech (YH) Machinery Co., Ltd, ogwira ntchito amapeza zipangizo zamakono zomwe zimachepetsa nthawi yochepetsera komanso yokonza. Izi zimapangitsa kampaniyo kukhala bwenzi lodalirika pamapulojekiti okumba omwe amafunikira zikhomo zolimba komanso zogwira mtima za ndowa.
Kuyang'anira kuwonongeka ndi kung'ambika kwa zikhomo zamano kumawonetsetsa kuti zofukula zikuyenda bwino komanso zimachepetsa nthawi yopuma. Mayankho monga kupititsa patsogolo zinthu, kupangidwa mwaluso, ndi kukonza mwachangu kumakulitsa moyo wa mano.
Zowona Zamakampani:
Mtundu wa Umboni Kufotokozera Kupita Patsogolo kwa Zinthu Zakuthupi Zopangira zitsulo zowonjezera Boron zimasonyeza 40% moyo wautali wautumiki. Technology Integration Masensa opangidwa ndi IoT amachepetsa nthawi yosakonzekera ndi 25%.
Ningbo Digtech (YH) Machinery Co., Ltd imapereka zikhomo zolimba, zogwira ntchito kwambiri zomwe zimapangidwira kukwaniritsa izi.
FAQ
Nchiyani chimapangitsa chitsulo chotenthetsera kukhala chabwino pamapini a mano a ndowa?
Chitsulo chotenthetsera chimapereka kuuma kwapamwamba komanso kulimba. Zinthu izi zimapangitsa kuti ma piniwo asavale, kuonetsetsa kuti zikhomozo zimagwira ntchito zofukula zolemetsa popanda kusinthidwa pafupipafupi.
Kodi mapini a mano a ndowa ayenera kuyang'aniridwa kangati?
Ogwira ntchito ayenera kuyang'ana zikhomo za mano a ndowa pambuyo pa opaleshoni iliyonse. Kufufuza nthawi zonse kumathandiza kuzindikira zizindikiro zoyamba kutha, kuteteza kulephera kosayembekezereka panthawi ya ntchito yofukula.
Chifukwa chiyani musankhe Ningbo Digtech (YH) Machinery Co., Ltd pazikhomo za mano a ndowa?
Ningbo Digtech (YH) Machinery Co., Ltd imapereka mapini apamwamba kwambiri, olimba. Njira zawo zopangira zapamwamba komanso kuyezetsa mwamphamvu zimatsimikizira magwiridwe antchito odalirika m'malo ofukula ofunikira.
Langizo: Kusamalira nthawi zonse ndikusankha zipangizo zoyeneraonjezerani kwambiri moyo wa zikhomo za mano a ndowa.
Nthawi yotumiza: May-21-2025